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Her Majesty's Government ("His" when appropriate) is a term used to refer to the Government of the United Kingdom. Apart from the United Kingdom, the phrase has been (and sometimes currently is) used by other countries which recognize the British head of state as their own.
In UK constitutional law, executive authority is notionally vested in the monarch and exercised through the ministers. In effect, the government is an executive authority consisting of the monarch's ministers. In Commonwealth usage, the term "government" does not relate to parliament or the courts, but only to the executive branch.
The terms "Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom" or "Her Britannic Majesty's Government" may be used to avoid ambiguity, when necessary.
Her Majesty's Government is currently formed by the Labour Party, in power since 1997 under the premierships of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.
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In the British Empire, the term "His Majesty's Government" was originally only used by the Imperial Government in London. With the development of the Commonwealth, the self-governing Dominions came to be seen as realms of the Sovereign equal in status to the United Kingdom, and from the 1920s and 1930s the form "His Majesty's Government in ..." began to be used by United Kingdom and Dominion governments. Colonial, state and provincial governments, on the other hand, continued to use the lesser title "Government of ...". There was also His Majesty's Government in the Irish Free State.
Today, however, most Commonwealth realm governments have now reverted to the form "Government of ...", and it is today mainly in the United Kingdom that the titles "Her Majesty's Government", "Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom" or "Her Britannic Majesty's Government," the last in dealings with foreign states and on British passports, can be found in official use. Although very uncommon today in other Commonwealth Realms, this usage is not incorrect; in a 1989 Canadian Supreme Court decision, one of the Justices referred to "Her Majesty's Government for the Province of Nova Scotia".[1]
The abbreviation HMG is often used by members of the government and their advisers as a convenient short label to describe members of the Cabinet and the senior civil servants or mandarins in departments of the United Kingdom Government. The term comes from the formal constitutional position that ministers govern the state by advising the Crown through the Privy Council.
Individual governments (also known historically as ministries) may also be identified by reference to the Prime Minister who leads them (e.g. the Attlee government, or Gladstone's second ministry).
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