Voiceless palatal plosive

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IPA – number	107
IPA – text	c
IPA – image
Entity	c
X-SAMPA	`c`
Kirshenbaum	`c`
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiceless palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is c, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is c.

Hungarian is one of the few languages with true palatal plosives. More commonly, the symbol /c/ is used to represent a voiceless postalveolar affricate, for example in the Indic languages. This may be considered appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified, but the distinction between stop and affricate is not contrastive, and therefore of secondary importance.

1 Features
2 Occurrence
3 See also
4 References
5 Bibliography

[edit] Features

Features of the voiceless palatal plosive:

Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. However, there is a tendency for this sound to become a voiceless postalveolar affricate.
Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Albanian		kuq	[kuc]	'red'
Asu		[cúma]		'to sew'
Basque		ttantta	[canca]	'droplet'
Catalan	Majorcan^[1]	?	[ˈtronʲc]	'log'	Corresponds to /k/ in other varieties. See Catalan phonology
Czech		čeština	[ˈʧɛʃ.cɪ.na]	'Czech language'	See Czech phonology
Dinka		car	[car]	'black'
Dutch^[2]		tjeef	[ceːf]	'catholic' (pej., used in Flanders)	See Dutch phonology
Greek		κέδρος	[ˈce̞ðro̞s̠]	'cedar'	See Modern Greek phonology
Gweno		[ca]		'to come'
Hungarian		tyúk	[cuːk]	'hen'	See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic		gjóla	[couːla]	'light wind'
Latvian		ķirbis	[ˈcirbis]	'pumpkin'
Macedonian		вреќа	[ˈvrɛːca]	'sack'
Norwegian	northern dialects	fett	[fɛcː]	'fat'	See Norwegian phonology
Occitan	Limousin	tireta	[ciˈʀetɒ]	'drawer'
Occitan	Auvergnat	tirador	[ciʀaˈdu]	'drawer'
Plautdietsch		Kjoakj	[coac]	'church'
Portuguese	Carioca	garotinha	[garociːŋ]	'little girl'	Corresponds to /tʃ/ in other varieties. See Portuguese phonology
Scottish Gaelic		ceann	[cʰɛunˠ]	'head'
Slovak		deväť	[ˈɟɛvæc]	'nine'
Tadaksahak		[cɛːˈnɐ]		'small'
Turkish		köyün	[cœˈjyn]	'village' (gen.)	See Turkish phonology
Vietnamese		cho	[cɔ]	'to give'	Variety: [t͡ɕɔ]. See Vietnamese phonology
Western Desert Language		kutju	[kucu]	'one'

[edit] See also

List of phonetics topics

[edit] References

^ Recasens & Espinosa (2005:1)
^ Gussenhoven (1992:46)

[edit] Bibliography

Recasens, Daniel & Aina Espinosa (2005), "Articulatory, positional and coarticulatory characteristics for clear /l/ and dark /l/: evidence from two Catalan dialects", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 1-25

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Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.

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